Evolutionary Computation Glossary

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D

DARWINISM:

(biol) Theory of EVOLUTION, proposed by Darwin, that evolution comes about through random variation of heritable characteristics, coupled with natural SELECTION (survival of the fittest). A physical mechanism for this, in terms of GENEs and CHROMOSOMEs, was discovered many years later. DARWINISM was combined with the selectionism of Weismann and the genetics of Mendel to form the Neo-Darwinian Synthesis during the 1930s-1950s by T. Dobzhansky, E. Mayr, G. Simpson, R. Fisher, S. Wright, and others. cf LAMARCKISM.

The talk.origins FAQ contains more details (See Q10.7). Also, the "Dictionary of Darwinism and of Evolution" (Ed. by Patrick Tort) was published in early 1996. It contains a vast amount of information about what Darwinism is and (perhaps more importantly) is not. Further information from http://www.planete.net/~ptort/darwin/evolengl.html (in various languages).

(EC) Theory which inspired all branches of EC.

DECEPTION:

The condition where the combination of good BUILDING BLOCKs leads to reduced FITNESS, rather than increased fitness. Proposed by [GOLD89] as a reason for the failure of GAs on many tasks.

DIPLOID:

(biol) This refers to a cell which contains two copies of each CHROMOSOME. The copies are homologous i.e. they contain the same GENEs in the same sequence. In many sexually reproducing SPECIES, the genes in one of the sets of chromosomes will have been inherited from the father's GAMETE (sperm), while the genes in the other set of chromosomes are from the mother's gamete (ovum).

DNA:

(biol) Deoxyribonucleic Acid, a double stranded macromolecule of helical structure (comparable to a spiral staircase). Both single strands are linear, unbranched nucleic acid molecules build up from alternating deoxyribose (sugar) and phosphate molecules. Each deoxyribose part is coupled to a nucleotide base, which is responsible for establishing the connection to the other strand of the DNA. The 4 nucleotide bases Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C) and Guanine (G) are the alphabet of the genetic information. The sequences of these bases in the DNA molecule determines the building plan of any organism. [eds note: suggested reading: James D. Watson (1968) "The Double Helix", London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson]

(literature) Douglas Noel Adams, contemporary Science Fiction comedy writer. Published "The Hitch- Hiker's Guide to the Galaxy" when he was 25 years old, which made him one of the currently most successful British authors. [eds note: interestingly Watson was also 25 years old, when he discovered the DNA; both events are probably not interconnected; you might also want to look at: Neil Gaiman's (1987) "DON'T PANIC -- The Official Hitch-Hiker's Guide to the Galaxy companion", and of course get your hands on the wholly remarkable FAQ in alt.fan.douglas-adams ]

DNS:

(biol) Desoxyribonukleinsäure, German for DNA.

(comp) The Domain Name System, a distributed database system for translating computer names (e.g. lumpi.informatik.uni-dortmund.de) into numeric Internet, i.e. IP-addresses (129.217.36.140) and vice-versa. DNS allows you to hook into the net without remembering long lists of numeric references, unless your system administrator has incorrectly set-up your site's system.

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Hitch Hiker's Guide to Evolutionary Computation, Issue 7.4, released 18 January 2000
Copyright © 1993-2000 by J. Heitkötter and D. Beasley, all rights reserved.