Usage of codewords in xnd.
This file suppose that the
basic implemantation of variables in xnd
is already known. Examples of reation are given for:
Contents
The following lines are an example for a simple parameter block corresponding
to an orthorhombic cell. There is only one relation between the
variation of a and of b, c is free. The angles can not be refined.
If we remember that the parameter block contains the sample displascement
before the values of parameters and always a code specifying the kind of
ther block.
1
0.000 0
5.375 11 1.0 5.375 11 1.0
6.789 1 90.0 0
90.0 0 90.0 0
That is the same for a cubic block, but a, b and c are varied together.
1
0.000 0
1.234 11 1.0 1.234 11 1.0
1.234 11 1.0 90.0 0
90.0 0 90.0 0
If the hexagonal cell has to follow the temperature with
a linear thermal expansion. A parameter can be written as :
a = a0 + da/dt DT
There is 2 terms, then the block should be written as :
2
0.000 0 0.0 0
5.1234 12 1.0 0.002 13 1.0
5.1234 12 1.0 0.002 13 1.0
8.2345 1 0.004 1
90 0 0 0
90 0 0 0
120 0 0 0
If a linear expansion is not enough, we can write a more complicated expansion :
a = a0 + da/dt DT + d2a/dt2 DT^2
Then the block should be written as :
3
0.000 0 0.0 0 0.0 0
5.1234 12 1.0 0.002 13 1.0 0.0001 14 1.0
5.1234 12 1.0 0.002 13 1.0 0.0001 14 1.0
8.2345 1 0.004 1 0.0002 1
90 0 0 0 0 0
90 0 0 0 0 0
120 0 0 0 0 0
The chemical substitution may lead to a more complicated problem. Let us consider
a substitution with 3 chemicaly different atoms on a site. The only way
to describe the relation is to write that the variation of each occupation
depends on to parameters called in the following example p15
and p16.
T(At1) = T0(At1) + 0.5 * p15 + p16
T(At2) = T0(At2) + 0.5 * p15 - p16
T(At3) = T0(At3) - p15
Then we will write a first order block with 2 dimensions.
At1 FE 0
-1 2
0.25 0 0 X and Y are on special position
0.25 0 0
0.413 14 1.0 0 0 Z has to be the same for all atoms
0.700 15 0.5 16 1.0 t11 = p15 / 2 + p16
1.0 7 1.0 0 B common thermal factor
At2 CO 0
-1 2 ....
0.413 14 1.0 0 0 Z is the same for all atoms
0.100 15 0.5 16 -1.0 t12 = p15 / 2 - p16
...
At3 NI 0
-1 2 ...
0.200 15 -1.0 0 0 t13 = -p15
...
If the substitution depend on the temperature, this will be more
complicated to write but always possible as it can be seen on one of the
preceeding atom.
At1 FE 0
-2 2
0.25 0 0 0 0 0
0.25 0 0 0 0 0
0.413 14 1.0 0 0 0.001 17 1.0 0
0.700 15 0.5 16 1.0 0.010 18 0.5 19 1.0
1.0 17 1.0 0 0.10 20 1.0 0
This structure allows to write all linear relation between parameters.
However in a block the number of terms in the expansion and
the size of the relation is the same for all the variables.
In case of strong correlation between some crystallographic
parameters, it is possible without modifying at each cycle the
command file to alternate the refined parameters. This can easily be done
using some cycling utilities like cycle.xnd (Unix) or xnd_bat.bat (msdos).
In all cases the ValidRef parameter in the header is used
to specify the strategy. Then
at each time xnd is started the program uses the value
of PrtNew to choose the refined parameters. As PrtNew
increases the refined parameters will change.
ValidRef | code | coupling | refined if
|
---|
1 | 1 | | always used
|
2 .. 9 |
|
10 .. 199 | read
|
200 ..999 | read
|
2..9 | 1 | | always used
|
2 | | PrtNew % ValidRef == 0
|
3 | | PrtNew % ValidRef == 1
|
9 | | PrtNew % ValidRef == 7
|
10 .. 199 | read | always used
|
200 ..299 | read | PrtNew % ValidRef == 0
|
300 ..399 | read | PrtNew % ValidRef == 1
|
400 ..499 | read | PrtNew % ValidRef == 2
|
The following table represent the inside of a block and what append
for ValidRef = 4. Note that ValidRef is restricted to
values between 2 and 9 and that codeword are always lower than 1000.
value | code | coupling | refined if PrtNew is
|
---|
0.105 | 1 | | always used
|
0.251 | 2 | | 0, 4, 8, ...
|
0.249 | 3 | | 1, 5, 9, ...
|
0.413 | 11 | 1.0 | always used
|
0.413 | 199 | 1.0 | always used
|
0.700 | 200 | 1.0 | 0, 4, 8, ...
|
0.700 | 201 | 1.0 | 0, 4, 8, ...
|
0.700 | 300 | 1.0 | 1, 5, 9, ...
|
JFB Feb 21th, 1997